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README.md

Embedded Systems Engineering Roadmap

This roadmap is designed to assist beginners aspiring to build a career as an Embedded Engineer / Developer. To provide comprehensive guidance, the topics have been carefully selected based on current job requirements and organized according to personal experience.

Becoming an embedded engineer requires a broad understanding of both software and hardware. If you are starting on this journey, you must be highly motivated and passionate to pursue this path. The field of embedded systems demands a solid understanding of hardware functionality. But, as the well-known saying goes, "Hardware is hard!". So, patience and passion are the essential qualities that will help you overcome the various challenges encountered along this journey.

What is an Embedded System?

An embedded system is a system in which the computer (generally a microcontroller or microprocessor) is included as an integral part of the system.

Often, the computer is relatively invisible to the user, without obvious applications, files, or operating systems. Examples of products with invisible embedded systems are the controller that runs a microwave oven or the engine control system of a modern automobile.

Roadmap

Embedded Systems Engineering Roadmap

Learning Resources

⭐️ Featured Material

🔎 Google

🎥 Courses and YouTube Contents

📚 Books

🤡 Simulation

👨‍💻 IDEs

🕹️ Arduino

If you do not have any background in programming the embedded systems, Arduino boards and libraries are the best choice for you to start and learn the basics. Just keep in mind that most of the Arduino libraries are developed for learning purposes and are not optimized to be used in industry.

Additionally, the Arduino Core takes care of most of the low-level operations and manipulation of registers that you, as an embedded engineer, should be able to handle yourself. If you want to become a professional embedded developer, you must be able to effectively use industry-standard APIs and frameworks provided and approved by microcontroller vendors. For example, CMSIS for ARM Cortex, STM32Cube for STM32, ESP-IDF for Espressif microcontrollers, etc.

🐜 PlatformIO

PlatformIO is a cross-platform, cross-architecture, multiple framework, professional tool for embedded systems engineers and for software developers who write applications for embedded products.

PlatformIO is not yet extensively adopted in industrial and large-scale projects, however, it is an excellent choice for individuals working on smaller projects. This is because it greatly reduces the need to install frameworks and setup build and debug tools, allowing you to concentrate on programming.

👨‍🏫 Educational Websites

🗺️ Other Helpful Roadmaps

⚒️ Projects

😈 Hardware Hacking

Note: It is not necessary to read or watch all of the following materials, but it is important to study enough to have a basic understanding of each topic. Of course, the more you study and practice, the greater your knowledge will become, ultimately enhancing your abilities as an engineer.

Some of the resources mentioned here will just be used as references. Refer to them only when you need them.

The symbol of 💎 is to indicate well-known references that have really invaluable and comprehensive content. If you want to deepen your understanding of a topic, refer to the resources marked with a 💎 icon.

Soft Skills

Electronics Fundamentals

Basic Math & Calculus

Electrical Circuits Basics

Electronic Components

Digital Circuits & Logic Design

Computer Architecture

Using Test Equipment

Multimeter

Logic Analyzer

Oscilloscope

Prototyping Skills

Using Breadboards

Hardware Design Basics

PCB Design

Soldering

FPGA Design

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Models

Programming Fundamentals

Algorithms & Data Structures

Design Patterns

State Machines / UML

Memory Management

Programming Languages

C

C++

Assembly

Python

Rust

Build System

GCC & Make

CMake

Bash Scripting

Docker

Version Control

Git

SVN (Subversion)

Microcontrollers

GPIO

ADC

DAC

Timers

PWM

Interrupts

Watchdog

DMA

Bootloader

Power Management

GUI Design

Functional Safety

Interfaces, Protocols & Communication Technologies

Common

UART
I2C
SPI
1-Wire

I2S

Wireless

Industrial

Modbus
RS485
CoAP & MQTT

High-Speed

Ethernet
USB

Automotive

CAN

Network

Cellular

GSM / LTE
LTE-M & NB-IoT

Memories

NOR / NAND Flash

eMMC

EEPROM

SRAM / DRAM

Sensors & Actuators

Operating Systems

Operating System Fundamentals

Multitasking and Parallel Processing

Embedded Linux

Linux Kernel
Linux Device Drivers
U-Boot
BuildRoot
Yocto
Qt

Real-Time OS

FreeRTOS
Zephyr
μC/OS / Micriμm OS
NuttX
RT-Thread
Mbed OS
QNX
VxWorks

Digital Signal Processing

DSP Fundamentals & Filter Design

Discrete Fourier Transform / FFT

Controls Systems / PID Control

MATLAB / Simulink

Debugging

JTAG / SWD

GDB

OpenOCD

Testing

CI/CD Flow

Unit Testing

Integration Testing

SIL / HIL Testing

Embedded AI

AI & ML Basics

TensorFlow

tinyML

Embedded Security

Cryptography

Secure Boot & Secure Firmware Update

History

The idea of creating this roadmap came from vazeri / Embedded-Engineering-RoadMap-2018 which was well designed but had some flaws and not updated for years. I took that idea, changed the structure of the roadmap and tried to improve it. The initial results can be accessed in m3y54m / Embedded-Engineering-Roadmap-Archived which is now archived. Early versions of the roadmap were created using Balsamiq Wireframes which is not suitable for these types of diagrams. So I decided to use Microsoft Visio instead and redrew the whole diagram.

Copyright

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License which means that you are free to share or adapt this work under the following terms:

Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.

ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.

Acknowledgement

Special thanks to my friends in the community of Iranian Embedded Engineers in Twitter and r/embedded subreddit for their suggestions that helped in improving this roadmap.

Contribution

If you think that this roadmap can be improved in anyway or you know some good learning resources that can be added here, please start an issue or a pull request. I’ll be maintaining and updating this repository frequently.

The source file is created using Microsoft Visio in .vsdx format and included in this repository for your contributions. If you do not have Microsoft Visio or you want to use free software, you can use draw.io which can import and export .vsdx files.

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