In -dot mode, if, after the TLS connection may become disconnected, the redial fails to connect, it results in "operation on closed connection" errors and a useless connection up until idleTimeout (2 to 4 minutes later), when the stream ends. For example, see 1-12c59bf6/quad9_dot_1.dnstt.client.log from the 2021-08-02 dnstt-tests performance measurement: 2021/08/02 10:00:49 recvLoop: read tcp 10.0.1.2:34788->9.9.9.9:853: read: connection reset by peer 2021/08/02 10:00:49 sendLoop: write tcp 10.0.1.2:34788->9.9.9.9:853: write: broken pipe 2021/08/02 10:00:50 tls.Dial: dial tcp 9.9.9.9:853: connect: connection refused 2021/08/02 10:00:50 recvLoop: read dummy dummy: operation on closed connection 2021/08/02 10:00:50 send: write dummy dummy: operation on closed connection 2021/08/02 10:00:52 send: write dummy dummy: operation on closed connection ... 2021/08/02 10:03:02 send: write dummy dummy: operation on closed connection 2021/08/02 10:03:06 send: write dummy dummy: operation on closed connection 2021/08/02 10:03:09 end stream cde4ab0c:3 To fix this, we could be more persistent in redialing, and/or cause a redial failure to cause the stream and session to terminate immediately. We already close TLSPacketConn; we should perhaps also terminate DNSPacketConn.sendLoop. Randomize the source port for each query in plain-UDP mode. Currently we create a socket with net.ListenUDP and use it for all queries, which means all queries have the same source address. ValdikSS reports that in regions of Turkmenistan, UDP associations that use the same 4-tuple are blocked after a few seconds. https://ntc.party/t/topic/475 My idea for this is to create a new PacketConn abstraction that creates a bunch (≈100) of goroutines that each do a single query at a time, creating a new socket for each one and waiting for a response on the same socket up to a timeout. Similar to HTTPPacketConn and its multiple instantiations of sendLoop. Add support for DNS over QUIC https://dnsprivacy.org/wiki/display/DP/DNS+Privacy+Public+Resolvers#DNSPrivacyPublicResolvers-DNS-over-QUIC(DoQ) https://github.com/AdguardTeam/dnsproxy/blob/660a2da99eb6cc2cf5db9a54f1374dd58fbb5b26/upstream/upstream_quic.go Externally resolve another domain for the DoH domain, like curl --resolve E.g. cloudflare.net -> doh.dns.sb