+ Add 2 cources with titles : "Advanced Hardware and PCB Design Masterclass 2022" and "High-Speed Board Design Course System On Module" in Udemy for PCB Design
We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body size, disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender identity and expression, level of experience, education, socioeconomic status, nationality, personal appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity and orientation.
## Our Standards
Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our community include:
- Using welcoming and inclusive language
- Being respectful of differing viewpoints and experiences
- Gracefully accepting constructive criticism
- Focusing on what is best for the community
- Showing empathy towards other community members
Examples of unacceptable behavior by participants include:
- The use of sexualized language or imagery and unwelcome sexual attention or advances
- Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
- Public or private harassment
- Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or electronic address, without explicit permission
- Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a professional setting
## Our Responsibilities
Project maintainers are responsible for clarifying the standards of acceptable behavior and are expected to take appropriate and fair corrective action in response to any instances of unacceptable behavior.
## Scope
This Code of Conduct applies both within project spaces and in public spaces when an individual is representing the project or its community. Examples of representing a project or community include using an official project e-mail address, posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed representative at an online or offline event.
## Enforcement
Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be reported by contacting the project team at [insert contact method here]. All complaints will be reviewed and investigated and will result in a response that is deemed necessary and appropriate to the circumstances.
## Attribution
This Code of Conduct is adapted from the Contributor Covenant, version 1.4, available at [https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/](https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/).
For more details, visit the [Open Source Initiative](https://opensource.org/).
Contributions from everyone are welcomed. To keep the roadmap practical, accessible, and high quality, the following guidelines should be followed:
## 1. Prioritize Beginner-Friendliness
- Resources and explanations understandable for beginners should be added.
- Advanced or specialized topics are welcomed and their inclusion can enrich the roadmap, but they should be explicitly labeled as advanced so beginners are not overwhelmed when choosing resources.
## 2. Resource Selection Policy
- Free and open resources are preferred to maximize accessibility.
- Paid resources may be included only if they clearly offer more value than existing free options; low-quality paid/free content should not be promoted.
- The list should not be spammed with every publication from the same author or creator solely due to their reputation or personal preference. Each resource should be added for a clear reason, with usefulness especially for beginners prioritized.
- Resources should be up-to-date, reliable, and organized under relevant headings.
## 3. Clarity & Structure
- Clear and direct language should be used. Unnecessary jargon should be avoided. If technical terms are used, simple explanations should be added.
- Bullet points and lists should be used for readability and structure.
## 4. Technical Accuracy
- The correctness and relevance of all information and links should be verified.
- If uncertainty exists, feedback should be requested in the pull request.
## 5. Roadmap Alignment
- Contributions should match the topics and structure of the roadmap.
- Areas where contributors have experience or genuine interest should be focused on.
- If a new topic is thought to make the roadmap more complete, it may be suggested. New topics should be proposed thoughtfully, considering their usefulness and relevance for other learners.
[](https://github.com/m3y54m/Embedded-Engineering-Roadmap/releases/latest)
[](https://github.com/m3y54m/Embedded-Engineering-Roadmap/releases/latest)
[](https://github.com/m3y54m/Embedded-Engineering-Roadmap/releases)
[](https://github.com/m3y54m/Embedded-Engineering-Roadmap/releases)
This roadmap is designed to help beginners aspiring to build a career as an **Embedded Engineer/Developer**, as well as assist current practitioners in expanding their skills.
This roadmap is designed to help beginners aspiring to build a career as an **Embedded Engineer/Developer**, as well as assist current practitioners in expanding their skills.
You should know that becoming an embedded engineer requires a broad understanding of both software and hardware. If you really want to pursue this career you must be highly motivated and passionate about it. As well as programming and software development skills, embedded systems demand a solid understanding of hardware functionality. However, as the well-known saying goes, "Hardware is hard!". So if you still know nothing about embedded systems, a hard yet exciting journey awaits you. But don't panic and be patient for the challenges you may encounter along this journey. By dedicating enough time and effort practicing and doing projects you will soon find yourself as a real embedded engineer! 😀
Embedded engineering demands a solid understanding of hardware functionality as well as software development and programming skills. If you really want to pursue this career you must be highly motivated and passionate about it. As the well-known saying goes, "Hardware is hard!". But don't panic and be patient for the challenges you may encounter along this exciting journey. By dedicating enough time and effort practicing and doing projects you will soon find yourself as a real embedded engineer! 😀
## ❓ What is an Embedded System?
## ❓ What is an Embedded System?
@@ -53,40 +52,54 @@ It's crucial to note that each company in the embedded industry may have unique
The roadmap provides a comprehensive guide to the essential topics for a typical "Embedded Systems Engineer" role. By delving into both software and hardware aspects, you can develop the necessary skills to thrive in this dynamic field. However, if you have a clear preference for software or hardware, you can tailor your learning path accordingly.
The roadmap provides a comprehensive guide to the essential topics for a typical "Embedded Systems Engineer" role. By delving into both software and hardware aspects, you can develop the necessary skills to thrive in this dynamic field. However, if you have a clear preference for software or hardware, you can tailor your learning path accordingly.
> [!NOTE]
🔗 For more information about the history behind this roadmap, read this article: [Embedded Systems Roadmap: Bridging the Gap](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/embedded-systems-roadmap-bridging-the-gap)
<!-- markdownlint-disable MD028 -->
> [!NOTE]
> **Remember that the importance of individual software and hardware skills can differ depending on the specific requirements of the company and the job role.**
> **Remember that the importance of individual software and hardware skills can differ depending on the specific requirements of the company and the job role.**
> [!TIP]
> [!TIP]
> To differentiate between the types of learning resources and the quality of their content, specific symbols are used before each item.
> To differentiate between the types of learning resources and the quality of their content, specific symbols are used before each item.
>
>
> **Resource types:**
> **Resource types:**
>
> - 📘 : Books
> - 📘 : Books
> - 🎞️ : Videos
> - 🎞️ : Videos
> - 📝 : Write-ups, articles, and blog posts
> - 📝 : Write-ups, articles, and blog posts
> - 🔗 : Other links that do not fit into any of the above categories
> - 🔗 : Other links that do not fit into any of the above categories
>
>
> **Content quality symbols:**
> **Content quality symbols:**
>
> - 👶 : Easy-to-understand and beginner-friendly resources. Refer to them if you do not have prior knowledge in a topic.
> - 👶 : Easy-to-understand and beginner-friendly resources. Refer to them if you do not have prior knowledge in a topic.
> - 💎 : Well-known references that have truly invaluable and comprehensive content. Refer to them if you want to deepen your understanding of a topic.
> - 💎 : Well-known references that have truly invaluable and comprehensive content. Refer to them if you want to deepen your understanding of a topic.
<!-- markdownlint-enable MD028 -->
> [!IMPORTANT]
> **This repository is not affiliated with or financially supported by any content creator, publisher, or organization. We do not endorse or recommend any specific paid resources. Both free and paid resources are included to provide a range of options, allowing you to choose what best suits your needs and preferences.**
## 😕 Don't Know Where to Start!
## 😕 Don't Know Where to Start!
If you feel overwhelmed by the extensive list of topics in the roadmap, you're not alone. Before delving too deeply, let's ease into it with some simple starter projects. Learning embedded systems engineering takes time and effort. Don't get discouraged if you don't understand something right away. Keep practicing and you will eventually get there.
**If you feel overwhelmed by the extensive list of topics in the roadmap, you're not alone. Before delving too deeply, let's ease into it with some simple starter projects. Learning embedded systems engineering takes time and effort. Don't get discouraged if you don't understand something right away. Keep practicing and you will eventually get there.**
### ⚒️ Projects
### ⚒️ Projects
Engaging in hands-on projects is the most effective approach to learning. Rather than solely relying on theoretical knowledge from books or articles, undertaking projects allows for practical learning experiences. Even a seemingly basic project has the potential to teach you more than aimless reading. You can refer to books, articles, and courses when faced with difficulties in understanding the problems in a real-world project.
Engaging in hands-on projects is the most effective approach to learning. Rather than solely relying on theoretical knowledge from books or articles. Undertaking projects allows for practical learning experiences. Even a seemingly basic project has the potential to teach you more than hours of aimless reading. You can refer to books, articles, and courses when faced with difficulties in understanding the problems in real-world projects.
Don't try to build a complex project right away. Start with small, manageable projects to get your feet wet.
Don't try to build a complex project right away. Start with small, manageable projects to get your feet wet.
- [🔗 Random Nerd Tutorials | Learn ESP32, ESP8266, Arduino, and Raspberry Pi](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/)
- [🔗 Random Nerd Tutorials | Learn ESP32, ESP8266, Arduino, and Raspberry Pi](https://randomnerdtutorials.com/)
- [🔗 Last Minute Engineers](https://lastminuteengineers.com/)
- [🔗 51 STM32 Projects & Tutorials for Beginners and Up - Hackster.io](https://www.hackster.io/stm32/projects)
- [🔗 51 STM32 Projects & Tutorials for Beginners and Up - Hackster.io](https://www.hackster.io/stm32/projects)
@@ -98,23 +111,32 @@ Use search engines to find the answers to your questions.
If you can't find what you're looking for using search engines, AI chatbots can also provide assistance. Keep in mind that AI may provide incorrect answers in some cases. It's best to confirm any answers with more reliable references.
If you can't find what you're looking for using search engines, AI chatbots can also provide assistance. Keep in mind that AI may provide incorrect answers in some cases. It's best to confirm any answers with more reliable references.
- [🔗 Bing Chat](https://www.bing.com/chat)
- [🔗 DuckDuckGo AI Chat](https://duckduckgo.com/?q=DuckDuckGo&ia=chat)
- [🔗 Bard](https://bard.google.com)
- [🔗 Microsoft Copilot](https://copilot.microsoft.com)
- [🔗 Google Gemini](https://gemini.google.com)
- [🔗 ChatGPT](https://chat.openai.com)
- [🔗 ChatGPT](https://chat.openai.com)
- [🔗 Claude AI](https://claude.ai/chats)
- [🔗 Poe - Fast, Helpful AI Chat](https://poe.com)
- [🔗 Poe - Fast, Helpful AI Chat](https://poe.com)
If you have reservations about relying on AI advice alone, you can also ask real people your questions:
If you have reservations about relying on AI advice alone, you can also ask your questions from real people:
As an embedded systems engineer, it's essential to stay up-to-date with industry trends, best practices, and new technologies to advance your career. Here are some resources to help you achieve your career goals:
- [🔗 EmbeddedJobs](https://embedded.jobs/jobs) - A job board focused exclusively on Embedded Systems job market.
### 🎥 Courses and YouTube Contents
### 🎥 Courses and YouTube Contents
You may have heard that YouTube is a university. And it's true - there is an immense amount of invaluable free content on embedded systems available on YouTube. You'll also find some excellent free courses through Coursera and EdX. Additionally, Udemy offers some high-quality paid course options.
You may have heard that YouTube is a university. And it's true - there is an extensive amount of invaluable free content on embedded systems available on YouTube. You'll also find some excellent free courses through Coursera and EdX. Additionally, Udemy offers some high-quality paid course options.
If you do not have any background in programming the embedded systems, Arduino boards and libraries are the best choice for you to start and learn the basics. Just keep in mind that most of the Arduino libraries are developed for learning purposes and are not optimized to be used in industry.
If you do not have any background in programming the embedded systems, Arduino boards and libraries are the best choice for you to start and learn the basics. Just keep in mind that most of the Arduino libraries are developed for learning purposes and are not optimized to be used in industry.
Additionally, the [Arduino Core](https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-API) takes care of most of the low-level operations and manipulation of registers that you, as an embedded engineer, should be able to handle yourself. If you want to become a professional embedded developer, you should be able to effectively use industry-standard APIs and SDKs provided and approved by microcontroller vendors. For example, CMSIS for ARM Cortex, STM32Cube for STM32, ESP-IDF for Espressif microcontrollers, etc.
Additionally, the [Arduino Core](https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-API) takes care of most of the low-level hardware-associated operations that you, as an embedded engineer, should be able to handle yourself or at least have a clear understanding of. If you want to become a professional embedded developer, you should be able to effectively use industry-standard APIs and SDKs provided and approved by microcontroller vendors, such as CMSIS for ARM Cortex-M microcontrollers, STM32Cube for STM32, ESP-IDF for Espressif microcontrollers, etc.
- [🔗 Getting Started with Arduino](https://docs.arduino.cc/learn/starting-guide/getting-started-arduino)
- [🔗 Getting Started with Arduino](https://docs.arduino.cc/learn/starting-guide/getting-started-arduino)
- [🎞️ All New Arduino R4 WiFi LESSONS for Absolute Beginners (YouTube Playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGs0VKk2DiYyn0wN335MXpbi3PRJTMmex)
- [🎞️ New Arduino Tutorials (YouTube Playlist)](https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGs0VKk2DiYw-L-RibttcvK-WBZm8WLEP)
- [🎞️ New Arduino Tutorials (YouTube Playlist)](https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGs0VKk2DiYw-L-RibttcvK-WBZm8WLEP)
- [🎞️ Arduino in a commercial product?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5LzsqeSCAc)
- [🎞️ Arduino in a commercial product?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5LzsqeSCAc)
- [🎞️ Arduino Project to Product (YouTube Playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEBQazB0HUyQd6Fsf5NQ75M9llbi1_j_8)
- [🎞️ Arduino Project to Product (YouTube Playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEBQazB0HUyQd6Fsf5NQ75M9llbi1_j_8)
@@ -138,8 +164,11 @@ Additionally, the [Arduino Core](https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-API) tak
- [📘👶 Make: Electronics: Learning by Discovery - Charles Platt](https://a.co/d/fbRoM1R)
- [📘👶 Make: Electronics: Learning by Discovery - Charles Platt](https://a.co/d/fbRoM1R)
- [📘👶💎 Electronic Devices: Conventional Current Version - Thomas Floyd, David Buchla, Steven Wetterling](https://a.co/d/1dsS0vx)
- [📘👶💎 Electronic Devices: Conventional Current Version - Thomas Floyd, David Buchla, Steven Wetterling](https://a.co/d/1dsS0vx)
@@ -227,18 +260,19 @@ _________________
- [🔗👶 Tiny Tapeout > Digital Design Guide](https://tinytapeout.com/digital_design/)
- [🔗👶 Tiny Tapeout > Digital Design Guide](https://tinytapeout.com/digital_design/)
- [📘💎 Digital Design - Morris Mano, Michael Ciletti](https://a.co/d/c3tBaoc)
- [📘💎 Digital Design - Morris Mano, Michael Ciletti](https://a.co/d/c3tBaoc)
- [📘👶💎 Digital Design and Computer Architecture: ARM Edition - Sarah Harris, David Harris](https://a.co/d/4otoVvI)
- [📘👶💎 Digital Design and Computer Architecture: ARM Edition - Sarah Harris, David Harris](https://a.co/d/4otoVvI)
- [📘👶💎 Digital Design and Computer Architecture: RISC-V Edition - Sarah Harris, David Harris](https://a.co/d/61l7Jtb)
- [📘👶💎 Digital Design and Computer Architecture: RISC-V Edition - Sarah Harris, David Harris](https://a.co/d/61l7Jtb)
- [📘👶 Digital Fundamentals - Thomas L. Floyd](https://a.co/d/2lgJKNX)
- [📘👶 Digital Fundamentals - Thomas L. Floyd](https://a.co/d/2lgJKNX)
#### 🔵 Computer Architecture
#### 🔵 Computer Architecture
Computer architecture is the backbone of embedded systems, governing the hardware and software interactions. Embedded developers need a grasp of computer architecture to design, develop, and debug embedded software effectively. Expertise in ARM and RISC-V, two prevalent instruction set architectures (ISAs) in embedded systems, is paramount for embedded developers. ARM is the dominant ISA, while RISC-V's open-source nature and flexibility are gaining traction.
Computer architecture is the backbone of embedded systems, governing the hardware and software interactions. Embedded developers need a grasp of computer architecture to design, develop, and debug embedded software effectively. Expertise in ARM and RISC-V, two prevalent instruction set architectures (ISAs) in embedded systems, is paramount for embedded developers. ARM is the dominant ISA, while RISC-V's open-source nature and flexibility are gaining traction.
- [📘👶💎 Computer Organization and Design: ARM Edition - David A. Patterson, John L. Hennessy](https://a.co/d/8YPUXG7)
- [📘👶💎 Computer Organization and Design: ARM Edition - David A. Patterson, John L. Hennessy](https://a.co/d/8YPUXG7)
- [📘👶💎 Digital Design and Computer Architecture: ARM Edition - Sarah Harris, David Harris](https://a.co/d/4otoVvI)
- [📘👶💎 Digital Design and Computer Architecture: ARM Edition - Sarah Harris, David Harris](https://a.co/d/4otoVvI)
- [📘👶💎 Digital Design and Computer Architecture: RISC-V Edition - Sarah Harris, David Harris](https://a.co/d/61l7Jtb)
- [📘👶💎 Digital Design and Computer Architecture: RISC-V Edition - Sarah Harris, David Harris](https://a.co/d/61l7Jtb)
- [📘 Computer Organization and Embedded Systems - Carl Hamacher, Zvonko Vranesic, Safwat Zaky, Naraig Manjikian](https://a.co/d/2lt4Svf)
- [📘👶 The Elements of Computing Systems - Noam Nisan, Shimon Schocken](https://a.co/d/cX6jkLl)
- [📘 Computer Organization and Embedded Systems - Carl Hamacher, Zvonko Vranesic, Safwat Zaky, Naraig Manjikian](https://a.co/d/2lt4Svf)
- [📘 Embedded Systems Architecture - Tammy Noergaard](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/embedded-systems-architecture/9780123821966/)
- [📘 Embedded Systems Architecture - Tammy Noergaard](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/embedded-systems-architecture/9780123821966/)
- [📘 Embedded Systems Architecture - Daniele Lacamera](https://www.packtpub.com/product/embedded-systems-architecture-second-edition/9781803239545)
- [📘 Embedded Systems Architecture - Daniele Lacamera](https://www.packtpub.com/product/embedded-systems-architecture-second-edition/9781803239545)
- [📘 The Definitive Guide to ARM® Cortex®-M0 and Cortex-M0+ Processors - Joseph Yiu](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/the-definitive-guide/9780128032787/)
- [📘 The Definitive Guide to ARM® Cortex®-M0 and Cortex-M0+ Processors - Joseph Yiu](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/the-definitive-guide/9780128032787/)
@@ -249,12 +283,12 @@ _________________
### ✳️ Using Test Equipment
### ✳️ Using Test Equipment
Embedded systems often require specialized test equipment to verify their functionality and performance. This equipment includes multimeters, oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, function generators, power supplies, and other tools that allow engineers to measure signals, inject stimuli, and monitor the behavior of embedded systems.
Embedded systems often require specialized test equipment to verify their functionality and performance. This equipment includes multimeters, oscilloscopes, logic analyzers, function generators, power supplies, and other tools that allow engineers to measure signals, inject stimuli, and monitor the behavior of embedded systems.
#### 🔵 Multimeter
#### 🔵 Multimeter
- [🎞️👶 Learn How to Use a Multimeter!](https://youtu.be/4lAyzRxsbDc)
- [🎞️👶 Learn How to Use a Multimeter!](https://youtu.be/4lAyzRxsbDc)
- [📝👶 How to Use a Multimeter](https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-use-a-multimeter/all)
- [📝👶 How to Use a Multimeter](https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/how-to-use-a-multimeter/all)
#### 🔵 Logic / Protocol Analyzer
#### 🔵 Logic / Protocol Analyzer
@@ -288,19 +322,29 @@ Breadboarding is a hands-on approach to prototyping circuits, providing a versat
#### 🔵 PCB Design / EMC
#### 🔵 PCB Design / EMC
- [🎞️ Altium Academy YouTube Channel](https://www.youtube.com/@AltiumAcademy)
- [🎞️💎 Altium Academy YouTube Channel](https://www.youtube.com/@AltiumAcademy)
- [🎞️ Robert Feranec YouTube Channel](https://www.youtube.com/@RobertFeranec)
- [🎞️💎 Robert Feranec YouTube Channel](https://www.youtube.com/@RobertFeranec)
- [🎞️👶 Altium Tutorials for Beginners - Robert Feranec (YouTube Playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXvLToQzgzdduBaD4horowdWgcG5uGUW4)
- [🎞️👶 Altium Tutorials for Beginners - Robert Feranec (YouTube Playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXvLToQzgzdduBaD4horowdWgcG5uGUW4)
- [🎞️👶💎 PCB Design for Beginners - Altium Academy (YouTube Playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3aaAq2OJU5EsYtNwTPHNO3RHNJN34FbO)
- [🎞️ How to Make a Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 Carrier Board - DigiKey (YouTube Playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEBQazB0HUyRwjr761b-MLNEu8FA8WKSG)
- [🎞️ How to Make a Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 Carrier Board - DigiKey (YouTube Playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEBQazB0HUyRwjr761b-MLNEu8FA8WKSG)
- [🎞️ How To Learn PCB Design (My Thoughts, Journey, and Resources) - Phil's Lab #87](https://youtu.be/aODkA2mrimQ)
- [🎞️💎 How To Learn PCB Design (My Thoughts, Journey, and Resources) - Phil's Lab #87](https://youtu.be/aODkA2mrimQ)
Mastering programming fundamentals and software development principles is essential for a successful embedded design. Embedded systems demand efficient code, optimized data management, reusable design patterns, and effective memory management to function effectively in resource-constrained environments. Embedded developers must possess a strong foundation in these core concepts to create reliable and performant embedded systems.
Mastering programming fundamentals and software development principles is essential for a successful embedded design. Embedded systems demand efficient code, optimized data management, reusable design patterns, and effective memory management to function effectively in resource-constrained environments. Embedded developers must possess a strong foundation in these core concepts to create reliable and performant embedded systems.
#### 🔵 Basic Discrete Mathematics
- [🎞️ Coursera - Introduction to Discrete Mathematics for Computer Science Specialization](https://www.coursera.org/specializations/discrete-mathematics)
- [📘👶 Open Access Discrete Mathematics Books by LibreTexts](https://math.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Combinatorics_and_Discrete_Mathematics)
- [📘👶 Essential Discrete Mathematics for computer science by Lewis HARRY., Zax R. ACM DL](https://dl.acm.org/doi/book/10.5555/3388468)
- [📘👶 Guide to Discrete Mathematics - Gerard O'Regan, Springer](https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-81588-2)
- [📘💎 Bridge to Abstract Mathematics, AMS](https://bookstore.ams.org/view?ProductCode=TEXT/22)
#### 🔵 Algorithms & Data Structures
#### 🔵 Algorithms & Data Structures
- [📘👶💎 Grokking Algorithms - Aditya Y. Bhargava](https://www.manning.com/books/grokking-algorithms)
- [📘👶💎 Grokking Algorithms - Aditya Y. Bhargava](https://www.manning.com/books/grokking-algorithms)
@@ -339,21 +391,25 @@ Mastering programming fundamentals and software development principles is essent
- [🎞️ Udemy – Embedded Systems State Machines & Data Structures](https://www.udemy.com/course/embedded-systems-state-machines-data-structures-like-a-pro/)
- [🎞️ Udemy – Embedded Systems State Machines & Data Structures](https://www.udemy.com/course/embedded-systems-state-machines-data-structures-like-a-pro/)
- [🔗 Data Structures in C](https://www.sanfoundry.com/c-programming-examples-data-structures/)
- [🔗 Data Structures in C](https://www.sanfoundry.com/c-programming-examples-data-structures/)
- [🎞️ Data Structures - Full Course Using C and C++](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B31LgI4Y4DQ)
- [🎞️ Data Structures - Full Course Using C and C++](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B31LgI4Y4DQ)
- [🔗 Hello Algo](https://www.hello-algo.com/en/)
#### 🔵 Design Patterns
#### 🔵 Design Patterns
- [📝 Practical Design Patterns: Opaque Pointers and Objects in C](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/opaque-pointers)
- [📝 Practical Design Patterns: Opaque Pointers and Objects in C](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/opaque-pointers)
- [📘💎 Design Patterns for Embedded Systems in C - Bruce Powel Douglass](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/design-patterns-for/9781856177078/)
- [📘💎 Design Patterns for Embedded Systems in C - Bruce Powel Douglass](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/design-patterns-for/9781856177078/)
- [📘💎 Making Embedded Systems: Design Patterns for Great Software - Elecia White](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/making-embedded-systems/9781449308889/)
- [📘💎 Making Embedded Systems: Design Patterns for Great Software - Elecia White](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/making-embedded-systems/9781449308889/)
- [🎧💎 Making Embedded Systems: Design Patterns for Great Software - Elecia White (Audio Book)](https://www.audiobooks.com/audiobook/making-embedded-systems-design-patterns-for-great-software/814297)
- [📝 Programming embedded systems the easy way – with state machines](https://www.embedded.com/programming-embedded-systems-the-easy-way-with-state-machines/)
- [📝 Programming embedded systems the easy way – with state machines](https://www.embedded.com/programming-embedded-systems-the-easy-way-with-state-machines/)
- [🎞️ State Machines (YouTube Playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPW8O6W-1chxym7TgIPV9k5E8YJtSBToI)
- [🎞️💎 State Machines (YouTube Playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPW8O6W-1chxym7TgIPV9k5E8YJtSBToI)
- [🎞️ Udemy - Embedded System Design using UML State Machines](https://www.udemy.com/course/embedded-system-design-using-uml-state-machines/)
- [🎞️💎 Udemy - Embedded System Design using UML State Machines](https://www.udemy.com/course/embedded-system-design-using-uml-state-machines/)
- [📝 “Input-Driven” vs. Event-Driven State Machines](https://www.state-machine.com/input-driven-vs-event-driven-state-machines)
- [📝 “Input-Driven” vs. Event-Driven State Machines](https://www.state-machine.com/input-driven-vs-event-driven-state-machines)
- [📝 State Machines for Event-Driven Systems](https://barrgroup.com/embedded-systems/how-to/state-machines-event-driven-systems)
- [📝 State Machines for Event-Driven Systems](https://barrgroup.com/embedded-systems/how-to/state-machines-event-driven-systems)
- [📘 Practical UML Statecharts in C/C++ by Miro Samek](https://www.amazon.sg/Practical-UML-Statecharts-Event-Driven-Programming/dp/0750687061)
#### 🔵 Memory Management
#### 🔵 Memory Management
@@ -367,7 +423,7 @@ Mastering programming fundamentals and software development principles is essent
_________________
_________________
### ✳️ Programming Languages
### ✳️ Programming Languages
Low-level languages like C and assembly provide direct hardware access, enabling efficient code optimization for resource-constrained embedded systems. System-level languages like C++ and Rust offer a higher level of abstraction for complex embedded applications, while Python is often employed for testing embedded systems due to its simplicity.
Low-level languages like C and assembly provide direct hardware access, enabling efficient code optimization for resource-constrained embedded systems. System-level languages like C++ and Rust offer a higher level of abstraction for complex embedded applications, while Python is often employed for testing embedded systems due to its simplicity.
@@ -380,30 +436,55 @@ Low-level languages like C and assembly provide direct hardware access, enabling
- [🎞️💎 Microchip University - C Programming Callbacks](https://mu.microchip.com/c-programming-callbacks)
- [🎞️💎 Microchip University - C Programming Callbacks](https://mu.microchip.com/c-programming-callbacks)
- [🎞️👶 C Programming for Beginners | Full Course](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssJY5MDLjlo)
- [🎞️👶 C Programming for Beginners | Full Course](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssJY5MDLjlo)
- [🎞️ C Programming Tutorials (YouTube Playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLA1FTfKBAEX4hblYoH6mnq0zsie2w6Wif)
- [🎞️ C Programming Tutorials (YouTube Playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLA1FTfKBAEX4hblYoH6mnq0zsie2w6Wif)
- [📘💎 The C Programming Language - Brian W. Kernighan, Dennis M. Ritchie](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0131103628?ref_=cm_sw_r_cp_ud_dp_KRZ8M1WTXWVG0HMSRBXA)
- [📘💎 The C Programming Language - Brian W. Kernighan, Dennis M. Ritchie](https://www.amazon.com/dp/0131103628?ref_=cm_sw_r_cp_ud_dp_KRZ8M1WTXWVG0HMSRBXA)
- [📘 C How to Program - Paul Deitel, Harvey Deitel ](https://deitel.com/c-how-to-program-9-e/)
- [🔗👶 C by Example](https://www.cbyexample.com/)
- [📘👶 The Little Book of C](https://little-book-of.github.io/c/books/en-US/book.html)
- [📘 C How to Program - Paul Deitel, Harvey Deitel](https://deitel.com/c-how-to-program-9-e/)
- [📘 Effective C - An Introduction to Professional C Programming - Robert C. Seacord](https://nostarch.com/Effective_C)
- [📘 Effective C - An Introduction to Professional C Programming - Robert C. Seacord](https://nostarch.com/Effective_C)
- [📘 Modern C - Jens Gustedt](https://gustedt.gitlabpages.inria.fr/modern-c/)
- [🔗 Embedded C Coding Standard](https://barrgroup.com/embedded-systems/books/embedded-c-coding-standard)
- [🔗 Embedded C Coding Standard](https://barrgroup.com/embedded-systems/books/embedded-c-coding-standard)
- [🔗 newlib C Library Documentation](https://sourceware.org/newlib/docs.html)
- [🔗 newlib C Library Documentation](https://sourceware.org/newlib/docs.html)
- [🔗 The GNU C Library (glibc)](https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/documentation.html)
- [🔗 The GNU C Library (glibc)](https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/documentation.html)
- [📝 From Zero to main(): Bare metal C](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/zero-to-main-1)
- [📝 From Zero to main(): Bare metal C](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/zero-to-main-1)
- [📝 From Zero to main(): Bootstrapping libc with Newlib](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/boostrapping-libc-with-newlib)
- [📝 From Zero to main(): Bootstrapping libc with Newlib](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/boostrapping-libc-with-newlib)
- [📝 Introduction to Nintendo DS Programming](https://www.patater.com/files/projects/manual/manual.html)
- [🎞️👶 Learn C Programming and OOP with Dr. Chuck](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaPN51Mm5qQ)
- [📘 Extreme C - Kamran Amini](https://www.packtpub.com/free-ebook/extreme-c/9781789343625)
- [🎞️👶 Coursera - C Programming with Linux Specialization](https://www.coursera.org/specializations/c-programming-linux)
#### 🔵 C++
#### 🔵 C++
- [📝 Modern C++ in Embedded Development: (Don't Fear) The ++](https://www.embeddedrelated.com/showarticle/1532.php)
- [📝 Modern C++ in Embedded Development: (Don't Fear) The ++](https://www.embeddedrelated.com/showarticle/1532.php)
- [📝 C++ On Embedded Systems](https://blog.mbedded.ninja/programming/languages/c-plus-plus/cpp-on-embedded-systems/)
- [📝 C++ On Embedded Systems](https://blog.mbedded.ninja/programming/languages/c-plus-plus/cpp-on-embedded-systems/)
- [📝💎 Bare Metal C++ - Alexey Rybachuk](https://arobenko.github.io/bare_metal_cpp/)
- [🎞️💎 C++ in Constrained Environments - Bjarne Stroustrup - CppCon 2022](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BuJjaGuInI)
- [🎞️👶 C++ Tutorial for Beginners - Full Course](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLnPwxZdW4Y)
- [🎞️👶 C++ Tutorial for Beginners - Full Course](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vLnPwxZdW4Y)
- [🎞️ C++ by The Cherno (YouTube Playlist)](https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLlrATfBNZ98dudnM48yfGUldqGD0S4FFb)
- [🎞️ C++ by The Cherno (YouTube Playlist)](https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLlrATfBNZ98dudnM48yfGUldqGD0S4FFb)
- [🎞️👶💎 Udemy - Beginning C++ Programming - From Beginner to Beyond](https://www.udemy.com/course/beginning-c-plus-plus-programming/)
- [📘💎 A Tour of C++ (3rd Edition) - Bjarne Stroustrup](https://www.stroustrup.com/tour3.html)
- [📘💎 The C++ programming Language (C++11) - Bjarne Stroustrup](https://www.stroustrup.com/4th.html)
- [📘💎 Programming -- Principles and Practice Using C++ (3rd Edition) - Bjarne Stroustrup](https://www.stroustrup.com/programming.html)
- [📘💎 Real-Time C++: Efficient Object-Oriented and Template Microcontroller Programming - Christopher Kormanyos](https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-62996-3)
- [📘💎 Real-Time C++: Efficient Object-Oriented and Template Microcontroller Programming - Christopher Kormanyos](https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-62996-3)
- [📘 Effective Modern C++ - Scott Meyers](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/effective-modern-c/9781491908419/)
- [📘 Effective Modern C++ - Scott Meyers](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/effective-modern-c/9781491908419/)
##### Additional resources from Bjarne Stroustrup, creator of C++
- [🎞️👶 The Essence of C++ by Bjarne Stroustrup - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86xWVb4XIyE)
- [🎞️👶💎 Delivering Safe C++ by Bjarne Stroustrup - CppCon 2023](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8UvQKvOSSw)
- [🎞️👶💎 The Design of C++ by Bjarne Stroustrup Computer History - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69edOm889V4)
- [📘 The Design and Evolution of C++ - Bjarne Stroustrup](https://www.stroustrup.com/dne.html)
- [📘💎 Papers on C++ by Bjarne Stroustrup - Stroustrup's Website](https://www.stroustrup.com/papers.html)
- [🔗 Papers on C++ by Bjarne Stroustrup - ACM DL](https://dl.acm.org/keyword/C%2B%2B?expand=all&ContribRoleAndId=author%3A10.1145%2Fcontrib-81100106139)
#### 🔵 Assembly
#### 🔵 Assembly
- [📝👶 Introduction to ARM Assembly Basics](https://azeria-labs.com/writing-arm-assembly-part-1/)
- [📝👶 Introduction to ARM Assembly Basics](https://azeria-labs.com/writing-arm-assembly-part-1/)
- [🎞️ Udemy – ARM GNU Assembly Programming From Ground Up](https://www.udemy.com/course/arm-gnu-assembly-programming-from-ground-uptm/)
- [🎞️ Udemy – ARM GNU Assembly Programming From Ground Up](https://www.udemy.com/course/arm-gnu-assembly-programming-from-ground-uptm/)
- [🎞️ Assembly Language Programming with ARM – Full Tutorial for Beginners](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfmRrPjnEw4)
- [🎞️ Assembly Language Programming with ARM – Full Tutorial for Beginners](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfmRrPjnEw4)
- [📝 How to Use Inline Assembly Language in C Code](https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/extensions-to-the-c-language-family/how-to-use-inline-assembly-language-in-c-code.html)
- [📝 How to Use Inline Assembly Language in C Code](https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Using-Assembly-Language-with-C.html)
- [📘 Raspberry Pi Assembly Language Programming : ARM Processor Coding](https://www.amazon.com/Raspberry-Assembly-Language-Programming-Processor/dp/1484252861)
- [🔗 Battery info program for x86-64 Linux laptops in 298 bytes of machine code](https://github.com/meribold/btry)
#### 🔵 Python
#### 🔵 Python
@@ -418,6 +499,7 @@ Low-level languages like C and assembly provide direct hardware access, enabling
- [📝 The Pros and Cons of Designing Embedded Systems with MicroPython](https://www.designnews.com/electronics-test/pros-and-cons-designing-embedded-systems-micropython)
- [📝 The Pros and Cons of Designing Embedded Systems with MicroPython](https://www.designnews.com/electronics-test/pros-and-cons-designing-embedded-systems-micropython)
- [📝 Programming the ESP32 with MicroPython](https://wolles-elektronikkiste.de/en/programming-the-esp32-with-micropython)
#### 🔵 Rust
#### 🔵 Rust
@@ -426,10 +508,13 @@ Low-level languages like C and assembly provide direct hardware access, enabling
- [🎞️ The Future of Programming: Rust (YouTube Playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLc7W4b0WHTAUAEAguiqpNa5H0QqXJIJI6)
- [🎞️ The Future of Programming: Rust (YouTube Playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLc7W4b0WHTAUAEAguiqpNa5H0QqXJIJI6)
- [🔗 Community Rust support projects for STM32 microcontrollers](https://github.com/stm32-rs)
- [🔗 Community Rust support projects for STM32 microcontrollers](https://github.com/stm32-rs)
- [🔗 Rust on ESP Community](https://github.com/esp-rs)
- [🔗 Rust on ESP Community](https://github.com/esp-rs)
- [🎞️ Embedded Rust su ESP32 (Italian) - YouTube Playlist](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLT--ndZEB54ek5_Zv6x6WCioh5m35zh5i)
- [📝 Rust on STM32: Getting started](https://jonathanklimt.de/electronics/programming/embedded-rust/rust-on-stm32-2/)
- [📝 Rust on STM32: Getting started](https://jonathanklimt.de/electronics/programming/embedded-rust/rust-on-stm32-2/)
- [📝 From Zero to main(): Bare metal Rust](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/zero-to-main-rust-1)
- [📝 From Zero to main(): Bare metal Rust](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/zero-to-main-rust-1)
- [📝 Writing an OS in Rust - Philipp Oppermann's blog](https://os.phil-opp.com/)
- [📝 Writing an OS in Rust - Philipp Oppermann's blog](https://os.phil-opp.com/)
- [📝 Kernel Driver with Rust in 2022](https://not-matthias.github.io/posts/kernel-driver-with-rust/)
- [📝 Kernel Driver with Rust in 2022](https://not-matthias.github.io/posts/kernel-driver-with-rust/)
- [🔗 Rustlings - Small exercises to get you used to reading and writing Rust code!](https://rustlings.cool/)
- [🔗 Learn Rust the Effective Way](https://www.rustfinity.com/)
#### 🔵 Zig
#### 🔵 Zig
@@ -447,12 +532,13 @@ Microcontrollers are integrated circuits (ICs) that combine a microprocessor, me
Some popular microcontroller families include AVR, PIC, STM32, MSP430, nRF, and ESP32. Choosing the right microcontroller involves assessing application requirements, processing power, memory needs, and input/output capabilities. Consider ease of use, cost, reliability, availability, and future expansion.
Some popular microcontroller families include AVR, PIC, STM32, MSP430, nRF, and ESP32. Choosing the right microcontroller involves assessing application requirements, processing power, memory needs, and input/output capabilities. Consider ease of use, cost, reliability, availability, and future expansion.
- [📝 What Is a Microcontroller? The Defining Characteristics and Architecture of a Common Component](https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-articles/what-is-a-microcontroller-introduction-component-characteristics-component/)
- [📝 What Is a Microcontroller? The Defining Characteristics and Architecture of a Common Component](https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-articles/what-is-a-microcontroller-introduction-component-characteristics-component/)
- [📝 How to Choose the Right Microcontroller for Your Application](https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-articles/how-to-choose-the-right-microcontroller-for-your-application/)
- [📝 How to Choose the Right Microcontroller for Your Application](https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-articles/how-to-choose-the-right-microcontroller-for-your-application/)
- [📝 How to Read a Microcontroller Datasheet: Introduction and First Steps](https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-articles/how-to-read-a-microcontroller-datasheet-introduction-and-first-steps2/)
- [📝 How to Read a Microcontroller Datasheet: Introduction and First Steps](https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-articles/how-to-read-a-microcontroller-datasheet-introduction-and-first-steps2/)
- [📝 Real Time Clocks (RTCs) in Microcontroller Timers](https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-articles/introduction-to-microcontroller-timers-real-time-clocks/)
#### 🔵 Watchdog
#### 🔵 Watchdog
- [📝 A Guide to Watchdog Timers for Embedded Systems](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/firmware-watchdog-best-practices)
- [📝 A Guide to Watchdog Timers for Embedded Systems](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/firmware-watchdog-best-practices)
- [📝 Watchdog Timers in Microcontrollers](https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/technical-articles/watchdog-timers-microcontroller-timers/)
- [🎞️ The Watchdog Timer on Arduino](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AzZBgH67mgE)
- [🎞️ The Watchdog Timer on Arduino](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AzZBgH67mgE)
- [🎞️ WATCHDOGS in STM32 || IWDG and WWDG || CubeIDE](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AelNsnpfbcM)
- [🎞️ WATCHDOGS in STM32 || IWDG and WWDG || CubeIDE](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AelNsnpfbcM)
@@ -545,7 +640,11 @@ Embedded systems often communicate with other devices or external systems via in
#### 🔵 Basic Protocols
#### 🔵 Basic Protocols
- [🎞️👶 Understanding Serial Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEz5UCN3aHA)
- [🎞️👶 Understanding Serial Protocols](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LEz5UCN3aHA)
- [🎞️👶 Serial Protocol Fundamentals](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yz7h5xd18OE)
- [📝👶 Understanding and Selecting in 2024: I2C, SPI, UART Explained](https://www.parlezvoustech.com/en/comparaison-protocoles-communication-i2c-spi-uart/)
- [📝👶 Basics of Wired Embedded Protocols](https://piolabs.com/blog/engineering/wired-embedded-protocols-basics.html)
- [🔗 MIPI Display Serial Interface](https://www.mipi.org/specifications/dsi)
- [🔗 MIPI Display Serial Interface](https://www.mipi.org/specifications/dsi)
- [🔗 AN4860 - Introduction to DSI host on STM32 MCUs and MPUs](https://www.st.com/resource/en/application_note/an4860-introduction-to-dsi-host-on-stm32-mcus-and-mpus-stmicroelectronics.pdf)
##### 🔶 HDMI
##### 🔶 HDMI
@@ -688,7 +793,7 @@ Embedded systems often communicate with other devices or external systems via in
- [🎞️👶 Microchip University - Ethernet Fundamentals](https://mu.microchip.com/ethernet-fundamentals)
- [🎞️👶 Microchip University - Ethernet Fundamentals](https://mu.microchip.com/ethernet-fundamentals)
- [📝 How the Ethernet Protocol Works – A Complete Guide](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/the-complete-guide-to-the-ethernet-protocol/)
- [📝 How the Ethernet Protocol Works – A Complete Guide](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/the-complete-guide-to-the-ethernet-protocol/)
- [🎞️ What is an Ethernet PHY?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JH3cMYErmKI)
- [🎞️ What is an Ethernet PHY?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JH3cMYErmKI)
- [🎞️ The Data Link Layer, MAC Addressing, and the Ethernet Frame](https://youtu.be/_b4dXKB8Pt8)
- [🎞️ The Data Link Layer, MAC Addressing, and the Ethernet Frame](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b4dXKB8Pt8)
- [🎞️ Microchip University - Serializer/Deserializer (SerDes) Basics for Your Next Microchip Ethernet PHY Design](https://mu.microchip.com/serializerdeserializer-serdes-basics-for-your-next-microchip-ethernet-phy-design)
- [🎞️ Microchip University - Serializer/Deserializer (SerDes) Basics for Your Next Microchip Ethernet PHY Design](https://mu.microchip.com/serializerdeserializer-serdes-basics-for-your-next-microchip-ethernet-phy-design)
- [🎞️ Microchip University - Ethernet Switch Fundamentals](https://mu.microchip.com/ethernet-switch-fundamentals)
- [🎞️ Microchip University - Ethernet Switch Fundamentals](https://mu.microchip.com/ethernet-switch-fundamentals)
@@ -702,6 +807,8 @@ Embedded systems often communicate with other devices or external systems via in
- [🎞️ How does USB device discovery work?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0O5Uwc3C0o)
- [🎞️ How does USB device discovery work?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0O5Uwc3C0o)
- [🎞️ MOOC - STM32 USB training (YouTube Playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLnMKNibPkDnFFRBVD206EfnnHhQZI4Hxa)
- [🎞️ MOOC - STM32 USB training (YouTube Playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLnMKNibPkDnFFRBVD206EfnnHhQZI4Hxa)
- [🎞️ Microchip University - USB2 Hub Fundamentals](https://mu.microchip.com/usb2-hub-fundamentals)
- [🎞️ Microchip University - USB2 Hub Fundamentals](https://mu.microchip.com/usb2-hub-fundamentals)
- [🔗 Beyond Logic - USB in a NutShell](https://www.beyondlogic.org/usbnutshell/usb1.shtml)
- [📝 USB for Software Developers: An introduction to writing userspace USB drivers](https://werwolv.net/posts/usb_for_sw_devs/)
##### 🔶 PCIe
##### 🔶 PCIe
@@ -714,6 +821,7 @@ Embedded systems often communicate with other devices or external systems via in
##### 🔶 CAN
##### 🔶 CAN
- [🎞️👶 Microchip University - CAN and CAN FD Protocol and Physical Layer Basics](https://mu.microchip.com/understanding-the-can-fd-protocol)
- [🎞️👶 Microchip University - CAN and CAN FD Protocol and Physical Layer Basics](https://mu.microchip.com/understanding-the-can-fd-protocol)
- [📝👶 CAN bus in 2024: Operation, Advantages and Recent Developments](https://www.parlezvoustech.com/en/bus-can-2024-technologie-avantages-evolutions/)
- [🎞️👶 CAN Bus: Serial Communication - How It Works?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZSCzRT9TTo&t=21s)
- [🎞️👶 CAN Bus: Serial Communication - How It Works?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZSCzRT9TTo&t=21s)
- [🎞️👶 CAN Bus: A Beginners Guide Part 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBrU_eZM110)
- [🎞️👶 CAN Bus: A Beginners Guide Part 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBrU_eZM110)
- [🎞️👶 CAN Bus: A Beginners Guide Part 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z5CVljiLhvc)
- [🎞️👶 CAN Bus: A Beginners Guide Part 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z5CVljiLhvc)
@@ -736,6 +844,7 @@ Embedded systems often communicate with other devices or external systems via in
- [🔗 lwIP - A Lightweight TCP/IP stack](https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/lwip/)
- [🔗 lwIP - A Lightweight TCP/IP stack](https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/lwip/)
- [🔗 Developing applications on STM32Cube with LwIP TCP/IP stack](https://www.st.com/resource/en/user_manual/um1713-developing-applications-on-stm32cube-with-lwip-tcpip-stack-stmicroelectronics.pdf)
- [🔗 Developing applications on STM32Cube with LwIP TCP/IP stack](https://www.st.com/resource/en/user_manual/um1713-developing-applications-on-stm32cube-with-lwip-tcpip-stack-stmicroelectronics.pdf)
@@ -869,6 +987,7 @@ Digital signal processing (DSP) is a branch of engineering that deals with the p
- [📘 Real-Time Digital Signal Processing from MATLAB to C with the TMS320C6x DSPs - Thad B. Welch, Cameron H.G. Wright, Michael G. Morrow](https://www.routledge.com/Real-Time-Digital-Signal-Processing-from-MATLAB-to-C-with-the-TMS320C6x/Welch-Wright-Morrow/p/book/9780367736453)
- [📘 Real-Time Digital Signal Processing from MATLAB to C with the TMS320C6x DSPs - Thad B. Welch, Cameron H.G. Wright, Michael G. Morrow](https://www.routledge.com/Real-Time-Digital-Signal-Processing-from-MATLAB-to-C-with-the-TMS320C6x/Welch-Wright-Morrow/p/book/9780367736453)
- [📘 Schaum's Outline of Signals and Systems - Hwei P. Hsu](https://www.mhprofessional.com/schaum-s-outline-of-signals-and-systems-fourth-edition-9781260454246-usa)
- [📘 Schaum's Outline of Signals and Systems - Hwei P. Hsu](https://www.mhprofessional.com/schaum-s-outline-of-signals-and-systems-fourth-edition-9781260454246-usa)
- [📘💎 Digital Signal Processing - John G. Proakis, Dimitris K. Manolakis](https://a.co/d/75P5PiE)
- [📘💎 Digital Signal Processing - John G. Proakis, Dimitris K. Manolakis](https://a.co/d/75P5PiE)
- [📘 Introduction to Computer Music](https://composerprogrammer.com/introductiontocomputermusic.pdf)
#### 🔵 Discrete Fourier Transform / FFT
#### 🔵 Discrete Fourier Transform / FFT
@@ -881,12 +1000,15 @@ Digital signal processing (DSP) is a branch of engineering that deals with the p
- [🎞️ Understanding Control Systems (YouTube Playlist)](https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLn8PRpmsu08q8CE0pbZ-cSrMm_WYJfVGd)
- [🎞️ Understanding Control Systems (YouTube Playlist)](https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLn8PRpmsu08q8CE0pbZ-cSrMm_WYJfVGd)
- [🎞️ Control Systems - CircuitBread (YouTube Playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLfYdTiQCV_p4YZNJWExM-5_g0fk9bHDL8)
- [🎞️ Control Systems - CircuitBread (YouTube Playlist)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLfYdTiQCV_p4YZNJWExM-5_g0fk9bHDL8)
- [🎞️💎 Brian Douglas' Control Systems Lectures (YouTube Channel)](https://www.youtube.com/@BrianBDouglas)
- [📘💎 Control Systems Engineering - Norman S. Nise](https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Control+Systems+Engineering%2C+8th+Edition-p-9781119474227)
- [📘💎 Control Systems Engineering - Norman S. Nise](https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Control+Systems+Engineering%2C+8th+Edition-p-9781119474227)
- [📘💎 Modern Control Systems - Richard C. Dorf, Robert H. Bishop](https://www.pearson.com/en-us/subject-catalog/p/modern-control-systems/P200000003484/9780137307098)
- [📘💎 Modern Control Systems - Richard C. Dorf, Robert H. Bishop](https://www.pearson.com/en-us/subject-catalog/p/modern-control-systems/P200000003484/9780137307098)
- [🔗 Kalman Filter](https://kalmanfilter.net/)
#### 🔵 PID Controller
#### 🔵 PID Controller
- [🎞️👶 What is a PID Controller? | DigiKey](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFVAaUcOm4I)
- [🎞️👶 What is a PID Controller? | DigiKey](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFVAaUcOm4I)
- [🎞️👶 How to Tune a PID Controller for an Inverted Pendulum | DigiKey](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hRnofMxEf3Q)
@@ -906,11 +1028,15 @@ Embedded systems can be programmed with either an operating system (OS) or direc
#### 🔵 Operating System Fundamentals
#### 🔵 Operating System Fundamentals
- [📝👶 Putting the “You” in CPU](https://cpu.land/)
- [📝👶 Putting the “You” in CPU](https://cpu.land/)
- [📝👶 Operating System in 1,000 Lines](https://operating-system-in-1000-lines.vercel.app/en/)
- [📘👶 The little book about OS development](https://littleosbook.github.io/)
- [📘👶 The little book about OS development](https://littleosbook.github.io/)
- [📘👶 Operating Systems: From 0 to 1](https://github.com/tuhdo/os01/blob/master/Operating_Systems_From_0_to_1.pdf)
- [📘👶 Operating Systems: From 0 to 1](https://github.com/tuhdo/os01/blob/master/Operating_Systems_From_0_to_1.pdf)
- [🔗 An operating system](https://github.com/roscopeco/anos)
- [📝 Porting Mac OS X to the Nintendo Wii](https://bryankeller.github.io/2026/04/08/porting-mac-os-x-nintendo-wii.html)
- [📘💎 Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces - Remzi H Arpaci-Dusseau, Andrea C Arpaci-Dusseau](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~remzi/OSTEP/)
- [📘💎 Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces - Remzi H Arpaci-Dusseau, Andrea C Arpaci-Dusseau](https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~remzi/OSTEP/)
- [📘💎 Modern Operating Systems - Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Herbert Bos](https://www.pearson.com/en-us/subject-catalog/p/modern-operating-systems/P200000003295)
- [📘💎 Modern Operating Systems - Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Herbert Bos](https://www.pearson.com/en-us/subject-catalog/p/modern-operating-systems/P200000003295)
- [📝 Writing an OS in Rust - Philipp Oppermann's blog](https://os.phil-opp.com/)
- [📝 Writing an OS in Rust - Philipp Oppermann's blog](https://os.phil-opp.com/)
- [🔗 Operating System development tutorials in Rust on the Raspberry Pi](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)
#### 🔵 Real-Time Operating Systems
#### 🔵 Real-Time Operating Systems
@@ -922,8 +1048,9 @@ Real-time operating systems (RTOS) are specialized operating systems designed to
- [📝 RTOS vs. Bare Metal: Navigating Performance, Complexity, and Efficiency](https://weston-embedded.com/support/media-articles/119-rtos-vs-bare-metal-navigating-performance-complexity-and-efficiency)
- [📝 RTOS vs. Bare Metal: Navigating Performance, Complexity, and Efficiency](https://weston-embedded.com/support/media-articles/119-rtos-vs-bare-metal-navigating-performance-complexity-and-efficiency)
- [📝 The Pros and Cons of RTOS vs Bare Metal: Which Will You Choose?](https://medium.com/@lanceharvieruntime/the-pros-and-cons-of-rtos-vs-bare-metal-which-will-you-choose-756e33ba6df7)
- [📝 The Pros and Cons of RTOS vs Bare Metal: Which Will You Choose?](https://medium.com/@lanceharvieruntime/the-pros-and-cons-of-rtos-vs-bare-metal-which-will-you-choose-756e33ba6df7)
- [📝 FreeRTOS vs Linux for Embedded Systems](https://www.bytesnap.com/news-blog/freertos-vs-linux-embedded-systems/)
- [📝 FreeRTOS vs Linux for Embedded Systems](https://www.bytesnap.com/news-blog/freertos-vs-linux-embedded-systems/)
Embedded Linux is a specialized version of the Linux operating system tailored for embedded systems. It's designed to operate on devices with resource constraints, such as limited memory, processing power, and power consumption.
Embedded Linux is a specialized version of the Linux operating system tailored for embedded systems. It's designed to operate on devices with resource constraints, such as limited memory, processing power, and power consumption.
@@ -1006,7 +1134,6 @@ Embedded Linux is a specialized version of the Linux operating system tailored f
- [🔗 Android Open Source Project](https://source.android.com)
- [🔗 Android Open Source Project](https://source.android.com)
@@ -1041,6 +1169,7 @@ Embedded Linux is a specialized version of the Linux operating system tailored f
- [🎞️ Udemy – Embedded Linux using Yocto](https://www.udemy.com/course/embedded-linux-using-yocto/)
- [🎞️ Udemy – Embedded Linux using Yocto](https://www.udemy.com/course/embedded-linux-using-yocto/)
- [📘💎 Embedded Linux Systems with the Yocto Project - Rudolf J.Streif](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/embedded-linux-systems/9780133443301/)
- [📘💎 Embedded Linux Systems with the Yocto Project - Rudolf J.Streif](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/embedded-linux-systems/9780133443301/)
- [📘 Embedded Linux Development using Yocto Project Cookbook - Alex Gonzalez](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/embedded-linux-development/9781788399210/)
- [📘 Embedded Linux Development using Yocto Project Cookbook - Alex Gonzalez](https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/embedded-linux-development/9781788399210/)
@@ -1087,12 +1222,12 @@ JTAG and SWD (Serial Wire Debug) are two popular interface protocols used for de
#### 🔵 GDB
#### 🔵 GDB
GDB (GNU Debugger) is a powerful and versatile debugger for source-level and machine-level debugging. It supports a wide range of programming languages, including C, C++, Objective-C, Java, and Rust. GDB is a free and open-source software tool that is widely used by developers and researchers.
GDB (GNU Debugger) is a powerful and versatile debugger for source-level and machine-level debugging. It supports a wide range of programming languages, including C, C++, Objective-C, Java, and Rust. GDB is a free and open-source software tool that is widely used by developers and researchers.
- [📝 How do breakpoints even work?](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/cortex-m-breakpoints)
- [📝 How do breakpoints even work?](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/cortex-m-breakpoints)
- [🔗 GNU GDB Debugger Command Cheat Sheet](http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/GDB-Commands.html)
- [🔗 GNU GDB Debugger Command Cheat Sheet](http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/GDB-Commands.html)
- [🔗 gdbgui - A browser-based frontend to gdb (gnu debugger)](https://www.gdbgui.com/)
- [🔗 gdbgui - A browser-based frontend to gdb (gnu debugger)](https://www.gdbgui.com/)
- [🎞️ everyone needs to stop using print debugging (do THIS instead)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3T3ZDquDDVg)
- [🎞️ everyone needs to stop using print debugging (do THIS instead)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3T3ZDquDDVg)
- [🎞️ GDB is REALLY easy! Find Bugs in Your Code with Only A Few Commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dq8l1_-QgAc)
- [🎞️ GDB is REALLY easy! Find Bugs in Your Code with Only A Few Commands](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dq8l1_-QgAc)
- [📝 Introduction to ARM Semihosting](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/arm-semihosting)
- [📝 Introduction to ARM Semihosting](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/arm-semihosting)
@@ -1112,7 +1247,7 @@ Build systems automate the process of compiling and linking source code into exe
#### 🔵 Compilers / GCC
#### 🔵 Compilers / GCC
GCC (the GNU Compiler Collection) is a free and open-source compiler system that can compile programs for many different programming languages, including C, C++, Objective-C, Fortran, Ada, and Go. GCC is a popular choice for embedded systems development due to its open source nature, maturity, stability, portability, performance, and large community. On the other hand proprietary compilers like Keil and IAR offer toolchain support, target-specific optimizations, and customer support, which may be preferred for specific projects.
GCC (the GNU Compiler Collection) is a free and open-source compiler system that can compile programs for many different programming languages, including C, C++, Objective-C, Fortran, Ada, and Go. GCC is a popular choice for embedded systems development due to its open source nature, maturity, stability, portability, performance, and large community. On the other hand proprietary compilers like Keil and IAR offer toolchain support, target-specific optimizations, and customer support, which may be preferred for specific projects.
- [📝 GCC and Make - Compiling, Linking and Building C/C++ Applications](https://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/cpp/gcc_make.html)
- [📝 GCC and Make - Compiling, Linking and Building C/C++ Applications](https://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/cpp/gcc_make.html)
- [📝 The Best and Worst GCC Compiler Flags For Embedded](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/best-and-worst-gcc-clang-compiler-flags)
- [📝 The Best and Worst GCC Compiler Flags For Embedded](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/best-and-worst-gcc-clang-compiler-flags)
@@ -1121,7 +1256,7 @@ GCC (the GNU Compiler Collection) is a free and open-source compiler system that
- [🔗 Keil MDK & µVision](https://www.keil.com/)
- [🔗 Keil MDK & µVision](https://www.keil.com/)
- [🔗 IAR Embedded Workbench](https://www.iar.com)
- [🔗 IAR Embedded Workbench](https://www.iar.com)
#### 🔵 Make & CMake
#### 🔵 Make / CMake
CMake and Make are both tools for building software applications. CMake is a meta-build system that generates Makefiles, which are then used by Make to build the software. CMake is more versatile and cross-platform than Make, and it is becoming the more popular choice for modern software development.
CMake and Make are both tools for building software applications. CMake is a meta-build system that generates Makefiles, which are then used by Make to build the software. CMake is more versatile and cross-platform than Make, and it is becoming the more popular choice for modern software development.
@@ -1130,6 +1265,7 @@ CMake and Make are both tools for building software applications. CMake is a met
- [🎞️ How to CMake Good (YouTube Playlist)](https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLK6MXr8gasrGmIiSuVQXpfFuE1uPT615s)
- [🎞️ How to CMake Good (YouTube Playlist)](https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLK6MXr8gasrGmIiSuVQXpfFuE1uPT615s)
- [📝👶 The most thoroughly commented embedded CMakeLists file](https://dnedic.github.io/blog/the-most-thoroughly-commented-embedded-cmakelists/)
- [📝👶 The most thoroughly commented embedded CMakeLists file](https://dnedic.github.io/blog/the-most-thoroughly-commented-embedded-cmakelists/)
- [🔗 A lightweight build and workflow tool for C/C++](https://github.com/randerson112/craft)
#### 🔵 Bash Scripting
#### 🔵 Bash Scripting
@@ -1140,7 +1276,7 @@ Bash scripting serves as a powerful tool in embedded systems development, enabli
#### 🔵 Docker
#### 🔵 Docker
Docker containers provide a consistent and isolated environment for building software applications. This can help to improve the reproducibility of builds and reduce the risk of errors. Docker also makes it easier to share build environments, which can save time and effort for developers.
Docker containers provide a consistent and isolated environment for building software applications. This can help to improve the reproducibility of builds and reduce the risk of errors. Docker also makes it easier to share build environments, which can save time and effort for developers.
@@ -1148,6 +1284,7 @@ Docker containers provide a consistent and isolated environment for building sof
- [🎞️ Introduction to Docker for the Embedded Developer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fz7ou-VBk-w)
- [🎞️ Introduction to Docker for the Embedded Developer](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fz7ou-VBk-w)
- [🎞️ Intro to CI/CD Part 1: Getting Started with Docker | Digi-Key Electronics](https://youtu.be/1nxGcfIm-TU)
- [🎞️ Intro to CI/CD Part 1: Getting Started with Docker | Digi-Key Electronics](https://youtu.be/1nxGcfIm-TU)
- [📝 A Modern C Development Environment](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/a-modern-c-dev-env)
- [📝 A Modern C Development Environment](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/a-modern-c-dev-env)
_________________
_________________
### ✳️ Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Models
### ✳️ Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Models
@@ -1175,7 +1312,7 @@ _________________
### ✳️ Version Control Systems
### ✳️ Version Control Systems
Version control systems are essential tools for managing changes to code and other digital assets. They track changes over time, allowing developers to revert to previous versions, collaborate effectively, and identify potential conflicts. Popular version control systems include Git, Mercurial, and Subversion.
Version control systems are essential tools for managing changes to code and other digital assets. They track changes over time, allowing developers to revert to previous versions, collaborate effectively, and identify potential conflicts. Popular version control systems include Git, Mercurial, and Subversion.
#### 🔵 Git
#### 🔵 Git
@@ -1208,8 +1345,17 @@ Testing is an integral part of the embedded systems development process, ensurin
- [📝 Embedded C/C++ Unit Testing Basics](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/unit-testing-basics)
- [📝 Embedded C/C++ Unit Testing Basics](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/unit-testing-basics)
- [📝 Embedded C/C++ Unit Testing with Mocks](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/unit-test-mocking)
- [📝 Embedded C/C++ Unit Testing with Mocks](https://interrupt.memfault.com/blog/unit-test-mocking)
- [🔗 Unit Testing for C (especially Embedded Software)](http://www.throwtheswitch.org/unity)
- [🔗 Unit Testing for C (especially Embedded Software)](http://www.throwtheswitch.org/unity)
- [🔗 GoogleTest - Google Testing and Mocking Framework](https://github.com/google/googletest)
- [📝 How to Use Ceedling for Embedded Test-Driven Development](https://www.electronvector.com/how-to-use-ceedling-for-embedded-test-driven-development)
- [📘 Unit Testing Principles, Practices, and Patterns - Vladimir Khorikov](https://www.manning.com/books/unit-testing)
- [📘 Unit Testing Principles, Practices, and Patterns - Vladimir Khorikov](https://www.manning.com/books/unit-testing)
- [🔗 Catch2 - A modern, C++-native, test framework for unit-tests](https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2)
- [📝 Introduction to testing ESP32 code with Pytest](https://blog.gistre.epita.fr/posts/brice.parent-2023-09-11-introduction_to_testing_esp32_code_with_pytest/)
- [🔗 Pigweed](https://pigweed.dev/)
###### [🔸 GoogleTest - Google Testing and Mocking Framework](https://github.com/google/googletest)
- [🎞️ GoogleTest And GoogleMock (GTest and GMock)](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLHn7_PzMqzs5JE58kw4nWiFELEkQek5G0)
##### 🔶 Integration Testing
##### 🔶 Integration Testing
@@ -1219,7 +1365,7 @@ Testing is an integral part of the embedded systems development process, ensurin
#### 🔵 CI/CD Pipelines
#### 🔵 CI/CD Pipelines
Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Delivery (CD) are software development practices that automate the process of building, testing, and deploying software. CI/CD pipelines are designed to ensure that software changes are deployed quickly and reliably.
Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Delivery (CD) are software development practices that automate the process of building, testing, and deploying software. CI/CD pipelines are designed to ensure that software changes are deployed quickly and reliably.
- [🎞️ Intro to CI/CD Part 1: Getting Started with Docker | Digi-Key Electronics](https://youtu.be/1nxGcfIm-TU)
- [🎞️ Intro to CI/CD Part 1: Getting Started with Docker | Digi-Key Electronics](https://youtu.be/1nxGcfIm-TU)
- [🎞️ Intro to CI/CD Part 2: Getting Started with GitHub Actions | Digi-Key Electronics](https://youtu.be/8pyqbYDYkRs)
- [🎞️ Intro to CI/CD Part 2: Getting Started with GitHub Actions | Digi-Key Electronics](https://youtu.be/8pyqbYDYkRs)
@@ -1270,6 +1416,7 @@ Learning hardware hacking helps security professionals understand how embedded s
- [📘💎 The Hardware Hacking Handbook: Breaking Embedded Security with Hardware Attacks - Jasper van Woudenberg, Colin O'Flynn](https://a.co/d/gUIytFX)
- [📘💎 The Hardware Hacking Handbook: Breaking Embedded Security with Hardware Attacks - Jasper van Woudenberg, Colin O'Flynn](https://a.co/d/gUIytFX)
- [🔗 The Official WiFi Pineapple Pager Payload Repository](https://github.com/hak5/wifipineapplepager-payloads)
#### 🔵 Cryptography
#### 🔵 Cryptography
@@ -1332,7 +1479,6 @@ The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of interconnected devices, whic
Edge AI refers to the ability of devices to perform machine learning tasks on their own, without the need to send data to a central server. This can be done by using small, specialized AI models that are embedded directly into the device. TinyML is a subset of Edge AI that focuses on developing these models for devices with very limited computing power, such as microcontrollers and sensors.
Edge AI refers to the ability of devices to perform machine learning tasks on their own, without the need to send data to a central server. This can be done by using small, specialized AI models that are embedded directly into the device. TinyML is a subset of Edge AI that focuses on developing these models for devices with very limited computing power, such as microcontrollers and sensors.
- [🎞️ Udemy – Getting Started with Embedded AI | Edge AI](https://www.udemy.com/course/getting-started-with-embedded-ai-hands-on-experience/)
A common subject that is essential to Computer Science students and some Math/Electrical Engineering Majors based on the [Association For Computing Machinery Guidelines for CS/CE education](https://www.acm.org/education/curricula-recommendations). It houses the most essential subjects for _abstract mathematical modelling_ and _theory of computation_. Furthermore, it helps students to establish the essential engineering mindset that represents the common basis among all computer science and computer engineering domains. However, Logic, Theory of combinatorics, Coding Theory, and Theory of Computation are among the most essential subjects for Embedded Systems Engineers.
_**Goal of learning Discrete Mathematics:**_ Embedded Systems Engineers should be able to grasp most of these information sooner or later based on their subspeciality; as it explains the scientific and theoretical basis of computer engineering (e.g., Coding Theory for Audio/Video Encoding/Decoding and Data Transmission - Automata Theory for event control and data transmission - Logic for digital circuit design and switching algebra - $$\Pi$$ Calculus and Automata Theory for Concurrency Modelling).
_Discrete Mathematics_ is a multi-semester course that involves subjects about the theoretical mathematical basis of computer science, including but not limited to:
- Logic (Propositional, Quantificational and Normal Forms).
- Axiomatic Set Theory (Sets, Operations on sets, and Power Sets).
- Relation Sets and Function Theory (i.e., $$\lambda$$ Calculus).
- Theory of combinatorics.
- Matrix and Graph Theory.
- Theory of computation (i.e., Computational Automata Theory, Computational Complexity, and Computational Computability).
- Automata Theory (e.g., Finite-state Machines, Pushdown Automata, Turing Machines, and Cellular Automata).
- Process Modelling/Calculi (i.e., $$\pi$$ Calculus).
- Coding Theory.
- Division Theorem Modular Arithmetics (Parts of Number Theory).
- [📘💎 Discrete Mathematics and its applications by Rosen](https://dl.acm.org/doi/book/10.5555/579402)
- [📘💎 Discrete Mathematics with Applications by Susanna S. Epp](https://dl.acm.org/doi/book/10.5555/1941983)
- [📘💎 Switching and Finite Automata Theory, Cambrdige Press](https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/1708070)
- [📘💎 Discrete Mathematical Structures by Bernard Kolman](https://www.pearson.com/en-us/subject-catalog/p/discrete-mathematical-structures-classic-version/P200000006227/9780137538782?srsltid=AfmBOooBdohmNtq7Wu42tHwSt7lUma46hBmKjqk8XJ8NNI6sf2-4-1kg)
- [📘💎 Invitation to Discrete Mathematics, Oxford University Press](https://global.oup.com/academic/product/invitation-to-discrete-mathematics-9780198570431?cc=eg&lang=en&)
- [📘💎 The Mathematics of Cellular Automata by Jane Hawkins, AMS](https://bookstore.ams.org/stml-108)
## History
## History
@@ -1383,7 +1561,7 @@ This work is licensed under a [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Inter
**Attribution** — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
**Attribution** — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
**ShareAlike** — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
**ShareAlike** — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
## Acknowledgement
## Acknowledgement
Reference in New Issue
Block a user
Blocking a user prevents them from interacting with repositories, such as opening or commenting on pull requests or issues. Learn more about blocking a user.
Meysam